Troubleshooting: Bubbles & Orange Peel in Lead-Free Enamel
缺陷：无铅釉气泡与橘皮
标签：缺陷, 气泡, 橘皮, 排气, 无铅釉
无铅釉黏度高、排气差，易生气泡与橘皮。对策：①底釉充分烧透（850℃ 全熔）再上面釉；②上釉后 80–120℃ 预烘 5–10 min 排除水分；③升温阶段在 700–750℃ 停留 30–60 s 助排气；④釉浆添加 0.1–0.2% 消泡剂；⑤研磨细度不低于 120 目。橘皮多因炉温过高或保温过长，降低 10–20℃ 即可改善。
High viscosity and poor gas release make lead-free enamels prone to bubbles and orange peel. Remedies: ① fire the ground coat fully (full melt at 850℃) before cover coats; ② pre-dry at 80–120℃ for 5–10 min; ③ dwell at 700–750℃ for 30–60 s during ramp to aid degassing; ④ add 0.1–0.2% defoamer to the slip; ⑤ grind finer than 120 mesh. Orange peel usually means excessive temperature or hold—lower by 10–20℃.