Melting Copper Alloys: Brass/Bronze Charge
铜合金熔炼：黄铜/青铜配料
标签：配料, 黄铜, 青铜, 熔炼配方
常用配料（质量比）：锡青铜 CuSn10 ≈ 紫铜 90% + 锡 10%（可加 1–2% 锌脱氧）；铅青铜加 5–10% 铅改善切削；黄铜 H62 ≈ 铜 62% + 锌 38%。熔炼先加铜，全熔后加中间合金（磷铜脱氧、铜-锡预合金）降烧损。回炉料≤30% 以保证性能。出炉前加 0.05–0.1% 磷铜除气，静置扒渣后浇注。忌用含铁容器，防污染。
Common charges (wt%): tin bronze CuSn10 ≈ 90 Cu + 10 Sn (add 1–2% Zn as deoxidizer); leaded bronze adds 5–10% Pb for machinability; brass H62 ≈ 62 Cu + 38 Zn. Melt copper first, then add master alloys (phosphor-copper deoxidizer, Cu–Sn pre-alloy) to cut losses. Keep scrap ≤30% for properties. Before pour add 0.05–0.1% phosphor-copper to degas, skim, hold, then pour. Avoid iron contact (contamination). ---