Casting-on & Wax Repairs in Museum Bronze Conservation
博物馆青铜器修复中的补铸与蜡补
标签：博物馆修复, 补铸, 蜡补, 可逆性, 做旧
博物馆修复遵循最小干预与可识别原则：缺损处先以雕塑蜡在原器上直接堆塑补形（蜡层 2–3 mm），翻制石膏或硅胶母模后浇注同合金（如锡青铜 CuSn10）制成补块。补块用锡焊或可拆式环氧连接而非直接焊死，连接点可逆。典型实践如卢浮宫对希腊化青铜的补铸、大英博物馆对贝宁器的清洗加固。补块最后须做旧至与原器锈色一致（缓蚀剂 BTA 处理加仿锈漆逐层罩染）。
Museum conservation follows minimal-intervention and identifiable-repair principles: missing areas are first modeled in sculptural wax directly on the object (2–3 mm layer), invested in plaster or silicone, and cast in the matching alloy (e.g. CuSn10 tin bronze) as a separate fill. Fills are attached with tin solder or reversible epoxy rather than permanent welding, keeping joins removable. Typical cases include casting-on repairs for Hellenistic bronzes at the Louvre and cleaning/stabilization of Benin objects at the British Museum. Fills are finally toned to match patina (BTA corrosion inhibitor plus layered synthetic-rust painting). ---