Yunnan Bantong: Forged Speckled-copper Craft
云南斑铜锻制技艺
标签：斑铜, 非遗, 云南, 生斑, 熟斑
斑铜是云南会泽一带的国家级非遗："生斑"取天然含杂铜块（共生锡、银等晶粒）在 800–900℃ 反复加热锻打成器，不加任何合金，冷却后表面析出金红交错的自然斑纹，所谓"妙在有斑，贵在浑厚"；"熟斑"则以熔炼合金浇铸后人工发斑。一件生斑香炉需数十次退火与锻打，成品率不足三分之一，故存世大件稀少。现代作坊以可控气氛炉代替炭炉，显著降低氧化损耗。
Bantong ("speckled copper") is a national intangible heritage craft from Huize, Yunnan: "raw speckle" pieces are forged from naturally impure copper chunks (with intergrown tin and silver crystals) through repeated 800–900°C heats with no alloy additions — on cooling the surface blooms with interlaced gold-red spots, "marvelous for its speckle, prized for its depth." "Cooked speckle" versions are cast from melted alloy then artificially mottled. One raw-speckle censer takes dozens of annealing-forging cycles with under one-third yield, so large survivals are rare; workshops now replace charcoal with controlled-atmosphere furnaces to cut oxidation loss. ---