Kiln Investment & Per-piece Costing for Enamel Studios
珐琅工作室窑炉投资与按件成本核算
标签：窑炉选型, 成本核算, 耗电, 釉料损耗, 报价策略
小型珐琅工作室选窑：1.5–3 kW 前开门电窑（最高 900℃）即可覆盖铜胎珐琅，售价 6000–25000 元，单炉耗电 1.2–2 kWh；按 10 件/炉、日烧 6 炉计，单件电费不足 2 元。真正的成本大头是釉料损耗（15–20%）与点蓝工时。建议按"底釉 + 面釉各计一次烧成"报价，返烧两次以内不另收费，合同注明三次以上复烧加收 30%，可避免无边界返工吞噬利润。
For a small enamel studio, a 1.5–3 kW front-loading kiln (max 900℃) covers copper-base work at 6,000–25,000 CNY, using 1.2–2 kWh per firing; at 10 pieces per load and six loads a day, electricity is under 2 CNY per piece. Real costs sit in enamel loss (15–20%) and filling labor. Quote base and cover coats as separate firings, include two refires free, and contract a 30% surcharge beyond the third refire to keep rework bounded.