Defect: Earing & Anisotropic Texture
缺陷：制耳与各向异性织构
标签：制耳, 织构, 各向异性, 轧制方向, 深冲, 缺陷
深冲杯口沿出现 4 个或 6 个规律性凸耳（earing）源于轧制板材的织构各向异性，Δr 塑性应变比不均。紫铜板的凸耳方向多与轧制方向成 45°/90°。对策：①落料时按凸耳高度反算坯料轮廓（椭圆化 2–4%）；②采购 r 值均匀化处理或交叉轧制板材；③留 3–5 mm 口部修边余量。完全消除不现实，量产以稳定凸耳高度为目标。
Regular ears (4 or 6) on a drawn cup come from rolling-texture anisotropy — uneven Δr plastic strain ratios. Copper ears typically at 45°/90° to the rolling direction. Fixes: blank to an ovalized profile (2–4%) compensating ear height; specify cross-rolled or texture-normalized sheet; and allow 3–5 mm trim stock at the rim. Ears cannot be fully eliminated — target consistent ear height in production instead.