Sinking vs Raising Direction (glossary)
下凹与起凸的方向区别（术语）
标签：下凹, 起凸, 凹模, 凸砧, 对比
下凹（sinking）是金属在凹模上被锤向内侧、整体变浅变宽，用于做碗、凹面；起凸（raising）是在凸砧上将金属由内向外锤高、变深变窄，用于做壶、高罐。二者方向恰好相反，常配合：先下凹做底，再起凸拔高侧壁。
Sinking drives metal inward over a concave die, making it shallower and wider — for bowls and concaves. Raising hammers metal outward over a convex stake, making it deeper and narrower — for vessels and tall forms. The directions are opposite, and they pair well: sink the base first, then raise the walls. ---