Work Hardening & Recrystallization (glossary)
加工硬化与再结晶（术语）
标签：加工硬化, 再结晶, 塑性, 退火, 原理
金属冷锤击后位错密度上升、强度硬度提高而塑性下降，称加工硬化。继续锤打易裂，需退火使新晶粒在无应力下形核长大（再结晶），恢复塑性。再结晶温度约为熔点的 0.3–0.5 倍（铜约 200–400℃ 区间明显），实际操作取更高以确保充分。
Cold hammering raises dislocation density, increasing strength and hardness but lowering ductility — work hardening. Further forging then cracks, so anneal to let new strain-free grains nucleate and grow (recrystallization), restoring ductility. Recrystallization starts near 0.3–0.5× the melting point (copper noticeably 200–400°C); practice uses higher temps to be safe. ---