Overview: Three Reagent Systems
化学着色总览：三大试剂体系与原理
标签：化学着色, 总览, 试剂体系, 原理
化学着色按试剂分三大体系：①**硫化物体系**（肝硫/硫化钾/硫化钠）与铜银生成 Cu₂S/CuS、Ag₂S，呈色由浅棕→紫红→蓝→黑，是最常用的做旧法②**硝酸盐体系**（硝酸铜/硝酸铁/硫酸铜）经加热反应生成棕、绿、黑膜，适合大面积与建筑件③**氨熏与氯化物体系**在密闭湿气中生成碱式碳酸铜/氯化铜，呈鲜艳蓝绿铜绿。另有**钢铁发蓝/发黑**（碱性或酸性氧化生成 Fe₃O₄）。选体系看目标色与环境：室内小件→硫化物；建筑户外→硝酸盐；鲜艳铜绿→氨熏。
Chemical patina splits into three reagent systems: ①**sulfides** (liver of sulfur / K₂S / Na₂S) forming Cu₂S/CuS and Ag₂S, running light brown→purple-red→blue→black — the standard antique finish ②**nitrates** (copper/iron nitrate, copper sulfate) heated to brown, green, black films — for large and architectural work ③**ammonia & chlorides** in a sealed humid chamber forming basic copper carbonate/chloride — vivid blue-green verdigris. Plus **steel browning/bluing** (Fe₃O₄). Choose by target color and setting: indoor small → sulfide; architectural/outdoor → nitrate; vivid verdigris → ammonia. ---