Occupational Health: Noise & Hand-arm Vibration
浮雕工坊职业健康：锤击噪声与手传振动
标签：职业健康, 噪声, 手传振动, 听力保护
手工锤击浮雕的两大职业健康风险：①噪声——钢锤击铜板声级 95–105 dB(A)，日接噪超 85 dB(A) 须配 SNR ≥25 dB 耳塞并轮岗，单次连续锤击不超过 2 h；改用聚氨酯面锤或在砧面垫铅板/硬木可降 5–8 dB。②手传振动——长期持锤防手臂振动综合征，选用低振锤柄并做手部保暖。工坊应每年安排纯音听力测定并建档；车间墙面挂 50 mm 吸声棉可把混响降低 3–5 dB，成本仅千元级。
Two occupational risks in hand-hammered relief: (1) noise — steel-on-copper hammering runs 95–105 dB(A); above an 8-hour 85 dB(A) dose, wear SNR ≥25 dB plugs and rotate tasks, capping continuous hammering at 2 h. Urethane-faced hammers or lead/hardwood pads on the stake cut 5–8 dB. (2) Hand-arm vibration — pick low-vibration handles and keep hands warm to guard against HAVS. Schedule annual audiometry and keep records; 50 mm acoustic batts on walls knock 3–5 dB off reverberation for a very small budget.