Ngũ Xã Village: Hanoi's Bronze-casting Guild Quarter
越南 Ngũ Xã 铜器村与河内老街坊的铸造传承
标签：Ngũ Xã, 越南, 铜鼓, 失蜡法, 国家非遗
河内西湖畔的 Ngũ Xã（五社）村自李朝（11 世纪）起铸铜，相传祖师 Nguyễn Minh Không 国师在此铸钟铸佛，村中古庙至今供奉铸圣祭坛。20 世纪村民参与铸造寺院大钟与 Phủ Tây Hồ 铜器，当代作坊以失蜡与砂型并用于铜像、香炉与东山铜鼓复制（鼓高 60–80 cm、面径约 60 cm，星纹与蛙饰直接塑于蜡面）。匠人以家族作坊为单位，小型坩埚炉浇注，学徒从清砂学起三年入门，2006 年列入越南国家非物质文化遗产名录。
The Ngũ Xã quarter by Hanoi's West Lake has cast bronze since the Lý dynasty (11th century), crediting founding master Nguyễn Minh Không with its bells and Buddhas — his votive altar still stands in the village temple. In the 20th century villagers cast temple bells and Phủ Tây Hồ ritual ware; today's family workshops combine lost-wax and sand casting for statues, incense burners and Đông Sơn drum replicas (60–80 cm tall, ~60 cm face, star and frog motifs modeled straight into the wax). Casting runs from small crucible furnaces; apprentices start at fettling for three years, and the craft entered Vietnam's national intangible-heritage list in 2006.