Bangjja Yugi: Hammered Bronzeware of Korea
韩国방짜유기：打制铜餐具的锤锻传统
标签：方字鍮器, 韩国, 非遗, 锤锻, 餐器
방짜유기（Bangjja Yugi，方字鍮器）是韩国锤打青铜器国家级非遗：传统合金约铜 78%、锡 17%、铅 5%，圆板经数百次退火与上万锤锻打成盘、碗、筷，组织致密、敲声清亮，韩国人相信其抑菌性适合王室祭礼餐具（水剌床）。代表产地为大田유기골목，国家重要非遗第 77 号大师李凤柱（이봉주）工房至今以师徒对锤方式生产。检测显示其晶粒细化至微米级、致密度比铸件高约 2%，是「锻打改变金相」的活教材，产品仍用于宗庙祭礼与高级韩餐厅。
Bangjja yugi is a state-recognized hammered-bronze tradition of Korea: a traditional alloy near 78% Cu, 17% Sn and 5% Pb is raised from disc to plates, bowls and chopsticks through hundreds of anneals and tens of thousands of hammer blows, giving a dense ring when struck — long trusted for royal ritual tableware (surasang) for its assumed antibacterial quality. The center is the Yugi alley of Daejeon, where master Lee Bong-ju, holder of Important Intangible Cultural Property No. 77, still works in the paired master-apprentice hammering style. Testing shows grains refined to micron scale and density about 2% above cast equivalents — a living lesson in how hammering transforms microstructure — and the ware still serves Jongmyo rites and fine Korean restaurants.