Jewelry Investment Casting: Centrifugal & Wax Trees
珠宝级失蜡：首饰离心铸造与批量镶蜡
标签：首饰铸造, 离心机, 镶蜡, 包埋料
首饰失蜡以 14K/18K 金、银或黄铜为主：蜡模按「树状」焊于中心蜡棒（主浇道 Ø6–10 mm、分浇道 1.5–3 mm），石膏包埋料真空抽气 1–2 min 后凝固，蒸汽脱蜡 30–60 min，焙烧 730℃ 保温 1–2 h。离心机转速 800–1000 rpm，金属过热 30–50℃ 补偿石膏型吸热。小宝石可在蜡阶段直接镶入（需耐 700℃ 的立方氧化锆类），铸后水淬脱包埋。真空包埋能把针孔降到最低，是成品率的第一决定因素。
Jewelry casting works in 14K/18K gold, silver or brass: wax models are treed onto a central sprue (main Ø6–10 mm, feeders 1.5–3 mm), invested in gypsum-bonded material under 1–2 min vacuum, steam-de-waxed 30–60 min, then burned out at 730°C for 1–2 h. Centrifugal casting spins at 800–1000 rpm with the metal superheated 30–50°C to offset gypsum heat sink. Small stones can be set in the wax (cubic zirconia tolerates 700°C), and the investment is quenched off after casting. Vacuum investing minimizes pinholes — the first determinant of yield.